75 years ago, on June 14th 1940, the transport from the prison in Tarnów amounting to 728 Poles arrived to Auschwitz. Among the prisoners, who were brought to the camp, there were soldiers participating in the September Campaign, members of underground resistance organisations, secondary school students and higher education students, as well as a small group of Polish Jews. They were given numbers from 31 to 758 and were placed in quarantine in the buildings of former Polish Tobacco Monopoly, which were located near to the today's area of Auschwitz-Birkenau State Musuem. First camp numbers were given to German "criminal" prisoners who arrived earlier and became functionary prisoners. From total of 728 prisoners brought in the first mass transport to Auschwitz on June 14th 1940, 298 survived the war, 272 died, and the history of 158 is unknown.
Poles at KL Auschwitz
According to estimates, about 140,000 Poles were sent to Auschwitz. Almost half of them died as a result of hunger, beating, diseases, slave labour, lack of medical care, shooting executions, phenol injections or gas chambers. Many prisoners died after they were transferred to other concentration camps.
The first transports of Polish political prisoners arrived in Auschwitz in June 1940. Until the autumn of 1944, Poles were sent to Auschwitz from all regions of the German‑occupied country, and until mid‑1942 Poles were the most numerous ethnic group in the camp. A large number of the Poles belonged to the intelligentsia. People involved in clandestine activity were also imprisoned in the camp, as were people arrested during street roundups, peasant families expelled from the Zamość region, and civilians from Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising. In Auschwitz there were also executions of Poles not registered in the camp but sentenced to death by summary courts.
In 2006, the Polish Parliament instituted 14 June, i.e. the anniversary of the first transport of Poles from the prison in Tarnów to the Auschwitz concentration camp, the National Remembrance Day of the Victims of Nazi Concentration Camps. One June 12, 2015 the Parliament decided about changing the name of this day to the National Remembrance Day of the Victims of German Nazi Concentration Camp and Extermination Camps.
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